Residential Building of a Secondary Development

ABSTRACT

A secondary development residential building comprises an old part including a multi-story building with walls, bridging, residential/auxiliary premises, an added part including added foundation, support elements, additional areas, staircase-elevators units, an overbuilt part of several floors. The added foundation is performed as two rows of piles, disposed along the old part&#39;s perimeter at a predetermined distance from the walls and at a distance of one span between the rows. The support elements each performed as linked columns, erected on the piles. The edged column is as tall as the redeveloped building, the other column is as tall as the old part. Common&#39;s, overbuilt floors&#39;, and added bridgings are mounted with horizontal strap and inter-floor shift stiffeners, on the columns, composing an independent framework, without transferring loads to the old part, the overbuilt part bridgings rest on the edged columns. The bridgings are mounted on the columns providing spatial rigidity.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a U.S. national phase application of a PCT application PCT/RU2007/000279 filed on 29 May 2007, published as WO2007/139449, whose disclosure is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference, which PCT application claims priority of the following patent applications: RU2006/118441 filed on 30 May 2006; RU2006/136571 filed on 18 Oct. 2006; RU2006/136574 filed on 18 Oct. 2006; RU2007/110337 filed on 21 Mar. 2007; RU2007/113353 filed on 11 Apr. 2007; and PCT/RU2007/000203 filed on 25 Apr. 2007.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to construction, specifically to reconstruction of apartment buildings with overbuilt and added residential floors, as well as reconstruction of administrative and public houses and car parking lots.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Building structures of a secondary development are known, which combine old parts and added parts in the vertical and horizontal plane while preserving the internal structure of the old building. The reconstructed building rests on the old reinforced foundation and an additional foundation supporting the added parts, which allow the addition of no more than 2-3 stories /see Ref-1/.

The closest to the proposed construction is an apartment building under redevelopment, which includes an old part comprising a five-story building, resting on a strip (band) foundation, carrying and non-carrying walls, bridgings, residential and auxiliary rooms, staircases; the added part comprising a foundation, support elements—pillars erected for the entire height of the residential building along the wall of the old part of the building, opposite the pillars. It also comprises a solid-cast concrete bridging, common for the added and old parts of the building, which has been mounted at the level of the old building's roofing and the overbuilt part over the entire area of the common bridging with external and internal beams-walls; wherein the added part has staircase-elevators units to service the whole building /see Ref-2/.

The disadvantage of the well known designs is a bulky structure due to the need to use girder structures, reinforce the old foundation and add another one, ensuring that it will work in tune with the old foundation. The well known variant, encompassing the erection of pillars, requires mandatory evacuation of residents for the period of building reconstruction as it assumes the expansion and re-development of the old and auxiliary rooms, staircase-elevators units and other premises.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The primary purpose of the present invention is to simplify the construction while increasing its reliability and development density of the existing residential blocks in central districts of large cities, avoiding evacuation of residents from the rooms in the old part of the building, but ensuring construction safety and preserving conditions of comfort for those who live in the old part of the building; minimizing the risks of accidents during the construction-erection works.

The above mentioned purpose can be achieved where in the redeveloped residential building, including: the old part of the multi-story building with the foundation, both carrying and non-carrying elements, bridging, residential and auxiliary rooms, staircase-elevator units, added part of the foundation, support elements located along the external walls of the old part of the building, added area and staircase-elevator units, common bridging erected over the roofing of the old part of the building, and overbuilt (added above the old part) part of the unlimited number of floors, according to the invention, the foundation of the added and overbuilt parts of the building is made as at least two rows of piles located along the perimeter of the old part at the distance, estimated with the consideration of strengthening, from the walls of the old part of the building (for the first row), and at a distance, estimated with consideration of the carrying capacity of a span between the following rows of piles. The ‘span’ is herein defined as a distance between two neighboring piles in a row.

The support elements are performed as at least two columns, erected on a separate pile each, forming an independent structural framework (the two columns, or ‘linked columns’ are arranged in pairs: including an edged column remote to the external walls, and a closest column proximate to the external wall), wherein the edged column reaches the top elevation (i.e. the above-added part) of the building, while the closest column is located at the perimeter of the old part and matches its height. The common bridging, the bridging of each floor of the overbuilt part and added area, are typically made of concrete slabs with horizontal strap stiffeners. Between the floors, the strap stiffeners prevent from the inter-floor shifts. All stiffeners are fitted between the linked columns, and the erected independent carrying framework does not transfer load to the old part of the building. The bridging of the overbuilt part rests on the edged columns; the common bridging and bridging of the overbuilt additional area are put on the linked columns thus forming predetermined spatial rigidness.

The foundation of the added and overbuilt parts may be made as root (‘drill and inject’) piles. The linked columns of the independent framework rest on the piles through an elastic restraint. The linked columns are erected on the piles providing opportunity for creating the independent framework with open carrying elements to support the overbuilt parts.

The common bridging and bridging of overbuilt floors and additional areas of the added part are made with strap stiffeners in the form of pre-stressed guyed armature (also called ‘un-bonded tendon’, i.e. not bonded with concrete) aligned in the diagonal or orthogonal directions fixed to the columns by anchor bolts. The common bridging, bridging of the overbuilt floors and additional area are made solid-cast with strap stiffeners. These stiffeners are embedded in every cell of the independent framework and they have a shape of a diagonal/orthogonal mesh reinforcement carcass tightened as per the subtense along the bottom belt by the guyed armature fixed to the columns by anchor bolts. The common bridging, the bridgings of overbuilt floors, and of the additional area of the newly-built part are made solid-cast (monolith) with strap stiffeners each made as an assembled metal carcass. The common bridging may be made pre-cast and then assembled on site (with the cast-in-place concrete) with the guyed armature located both in the diagonal and orthogonal directions fixed to the columns by anchor bolts.

The common bridging has collar beams connected to the columns by guyed armature and the space between the beams should be filled with cast-in-place concrete or light concrete blocks of suitable sizes. The bridging of the additional area to the floors of the old part of the building is pre-cast with the cast-in-place concrete with the diagonal/orthogonal guyed armature. Besides, the carrying elements and bridging of the old part of the building are reinforced by the guyed armature put along the diagonal and orthogonal directions and anchored to the columns along the perimeter of the old part of the building.

The old part of the building is reinforced by the guyed armature over the surface of carrying walls or collar beams in the diagonal and orthogonal directions and anchored to the columns. The old part of the building is also reinforced by the guyed armature put under the bottom surface of the bridging in the diagonal directions and orthogonally to the carrying walls or collar beams, and is anchored to the columns. The carrying elements of the independent framework are made from metal-reinforced concrete or metal covered by a fire protection coating.

The proposed structure of a building differs from the known one in that the foundation of the overbuilt and added parts of the building comprises, at least, two rows of piles located along the perimeter of the old part, wherein the first row is positioned at a predetermined distance from the walls of the building, and the second (or the following) row is positioned at a predetermined distance of one span from the first (or the preceding) row.

The building comprises supporting elements, erected on separate piles, in the form of linked columns. The edged column (i.e. the one of the linked columns located further from the old part walls) raises to the top level of the building, the other one (i.e. most closely located to the old part walls), situated along the perimeter of the old part, reaches only up to the height of the old part of the building. The building comprises a common bridging, bridgings of every floor of the overbuilt part, and a bridging of the added area. The bridgings are made with horizontal strap stiffeners and strap stiffeners from inter-floor shifts, and are mounted on the linked columns, forming the independent carrying framework, which does not transfer the load to the old part of the building. The bridging of the overbuilt part rests on the edged column; the common bridging and bridging of the adjacent additional area sit on the linked columns providing spatial rigidity.

The proposed structure excludes load on elements of the old part of the building due to formation of the stand-alone carrying framework for the added and overbuilt parts, which framework rests on its own deep-laid foundation. It improves the reliability and carrying capacity of the entire structure due to the presence of the horizontal links in the level of bridging, and strap stiffeners from the inter-floor shifts at each inter-floor level of the added or overbuilt parts of the building or the assembled metal carcass.

Besides, the montage works are simplified, due to the reduction of works necessary for reinforcement of the existing foundation and carrying walls. The common bridging, made as the pre-cast and cast-in-place concrete or solid-cast, allows for erection over the roofing of the old part of the building without preliminary disassembling. It will increase the extent of safety and comfort of the residents during the works for building reconstruction.

The design of the common bridging with its connecting elements in the shape of the guyed armature put in the diagonal and orthogonal directions, and the erection of the linked columns of different heights add extra rigidity to the carrying framework of the overbuilt part of building and allow for reducing the amount of reinforcement and concrete works. It also allows, upon completion of the construction of the overbuilt part of building on the independent carrying framework, to transfer the residents of the old part to comfortable apartments in the overbuilt part, and reinforce the old part of the building by the guyed armature, restoring the carrying capacity and extending its service life. In order to ensure the safety of building maintenance it is worth coating the columns, bridging and carrying walls by a fire protection cover, for example, by chamber bricks.

While constructing the proposed building in seismic-active zones, the columns of the independent framework are erected with the use of elastic constraints. It allows excluding dangerous distortion moments in the vertical carrying structures. The reinforcement of the old part of the building, through the supporting bridging and wall panels by the guyed reinforcement in a co-joint hinged-resilient “column-panel-column” system in the orthogonal and diagonal directions, works extremely well upon dynamic loads. Additional spatial stability of the newly created carcass is achieved upon tautening of the guyed reinforcement, additionally passed through and fixed to the reinforced concrete or metal columns.

Thus, the initial working and estimated scheme of the deformed spatial construction of the existing building is restored. At the same time the ultimate strain developed during maintenance of the building (extended zones of elements) are eliminated, and also the limit values of strains, taken place in the carrying structures during maintenance of the building, are either reduced or neutralized. It is preferable to restore and reinforce the carrying capacity and spatial stability of the wall panels in multi-story buildings in the diagonal directions, on different sides of the carrying concrete wall.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates a sectional front view of a residential building of a secondary development;

FIG. 2 shows a plan view of the second floor of the building illustrated on FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a view of a bridging made of pre-cast concrete with on-site assembling;

FIG. 4 is a sectional view 1-1 of the view shown on FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a fragment of the carrying walls' reinforcement;

FIG. 6 shows a fragment of the bridging reinforcement;

FIG. 7 illustrates a rigid carrying cell of an independent framework;

FIG. 8 is a fragment of reinforcement of a carrying part of the bridging;

FIG. 9 illustrates strap stiffeners of the common bridging;

FIG. 10 illustrates a unit 1 of FIG. 1.

Identical reference numerals in the drawings generally refer to the same elements in different figures. A first-time introduced numeral in the description is enclosed into parentheses.

PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

While the invention may be susceptible to embodiment in different forms, there are shown in the drawings, and will be described in detail herein, specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention, with the understanding that the present disclosure is to be considered an exemplification of the principles of the invention, and is not intended to limit the invention to that as illustrated and described herein.

In a preferred embodiment, the residential building comprises the following component means: an old part of a bearing-wall construction (1), an added part (2) and an overbuilt part (3). The old part of the building 1 has a foundation (4), carrying elements (5) and non-carrying walls (6), bridging (7), residential (8) and auxiliary (service facility) rooms (9), staircases (10). The added part 2 comprises piles (11), linked columns (12), common bridging (13), erected over the roofing of the old part 1, and bridging (14) of the added area. The overbuilt part 3 across the entire area of the common bridging 13 comprises several floors. In the preferred embodiment, a bridging (15) of every floor from the overbuilt part 3 is erected on the edged columns 12, which are as high as the residential building. They form an independent carrying framework (16) of the added and overbuilt parts 2 and 3 of the building put on the linked columns 12. The bridgings 13, 14, and 15 are typically formed by concrete slabs. The bridgings 13, 14, and 15 are made with horizontal strap stiffeners and strap stiffeners protecting from inter-floor shifts (which stiffeners are also known as ‘interstorey shear stiffness’ and ‘sash brace’) (17), which stiffeners are made as guyed armature (18) or an assembled metal carcass (19), or a reinforcement mesh (netted) carcass (20) tightened along the subtense by the guyed reinforcement 18.

OPTIONAL EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

The bridgings 13,14 and 15 are made as [[the]] solid-cast structures with the guyed armature 18, located along the diagonal and orthogonal directions, and with the creation of rigidity discs at the level of bridging, in each cell (30) of the independent carrying framework 16. At the front side of the residential building there are added elevator units (21) and staircases (22). At the ground floor and the upper floors, the residential rooms 8 form the through floor corridor, staircases 22. In the old part of the building, between the linked columns 12, additional residential and non-residential areas can be provided, as well as recessed balconies (as a special type of the bridging) 14.

The bridging of additional adjacent area and recess balconies 14 are made solid-cast, with the strap stiffeners made as the assembled metal carcass 19, or the pre-cast and cast-in-place concrete put in the orthogonal directions of the guyed armature 18. The old part of the building is reinforced by the guyed armature 18, anchored by bolts (31) to the columns 12.

Carrying structures of the independent framework 16, columns 12, and the common bridging 13 are fire-protected by a coat (32), which may be performed based on chamber bricks. The column 12 rests on a resilient pillow (24) mounted on the pile 11. The column 12 has hinged links (25). The column 12 should be made of metal or reinforced concrete.

The common bridging 13 may be made pre-cast with the cast-in-place concrete, from cast-in-place collar beams (26), and assembled pre-stressed beams (27), connected to the columns 12 by the guyed armature 18. The space between the beams is filled with light concrete or light concretes blocks (28).

If the redevelopment of the site is implemented in inactive seismic zones or the budget for construction is tight, then the diagonal and orthogonal links 17 should be made of the insulated guyed armature 18, which ties the columns 12 in the transversal and longitudinal axes, and are embedded in the shape-forming layer of concrete in each cell 30 of the carrying independent framework 16.

If the redevelopment goes on in active seismic zones, or when the work cost is not a critical issue, then the diagonal links 17 can be made of the assembled metal carcass 19, in each cell 30 of the carrying independent framework 16. The links tie the columns 12 along the transversal and longitudinal axes, and are hidden in a solid-cast reinforced concrete bridging (29), which is formed by any usual known method.

The task for creation of spatial rigidity, to exclude the inter-floor shifts, is solved through the construction of the orthogonal and diagonal links 17 in each cell 30 of the independent framework 16, as per the rule of rigid geometric unchanged triangles: the reinforcement mesh carcasses 20 embedded into the shape-forming concrete layer along the contour of a dome-shaped arch with tightening by the guyed armature or a pre-fabricated structure—the carcass 19 (that can be manufactured at a plant), which are used to tie the columns 12 along the transversal and longitudinal axes at each inter-floor level of the added and overbuilt parts of the building and are hidden in the inter-apartment partitions.

The common bridging 13 and the bridging 14 of the overbuilt floors and additional area of the adjacent part are made with the strap stiffeners 17 performed as the guyed armature 18 placed in the diagonal and/or orthogonal directions, anchored to the columns 12, and resulting in formation of spatial rigidity. The most optimal, with regard to the carrying capacity, spatial stability and cost efficiency, is to reinforce the solid-cast bridging 29 (see FIGS. 7 and 8) by the reinforcement mesh carcasses 20, embedded into the shape-forming concrete layer along the contour of the dome-like arch with the tightening of the guyed reinforcement 18 in line with the subtense in the bottom belt of solid-cast concrete, and anchor them to the columns 12.

The carrying parts 19 of the slabs of bridgings 13, 14, and 15 are reinforced by the reinforcement mesh carcasses 20 bedded along the contour of the dome-like arch with the tightening of the pre-stressed armature 18 immediately along the subtense in the bottom belt, anchored to the columns 12. The guyed reinforcement armature 18 is inserted in the pre-stressed condition in all carrying parts 19 of the bridging slabs in the orthogonal and diagonal directions (see FIG. 7) in each cell 30 of the solid-cast plate of bridging and in the period of construction-erection works. Self-bearing parts of the concrete bridging 29 of each cell of the bridging slabs should be reinforced by a usual known method, e.g. by an armature grid.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION

The redeveloped residential building should be preferably erected as follows. The reconstruction is carried out without evacuation of residents. Along the external walls 6 of the existing building (old part 1), leaving some distance from the existing foundations 4 and with a step measured in the orthogonal axis of 3, 6, and 9 meters, on the ‘drilled and inject’ piles 11 erected are the edged linked columns 12, for the full height for the overbuilt residential floors. The closest column (proximate to the external wall of the building) of the linked columns 12 rises to the height of the roof ridge or flat roofing of the existing building. The common pre-cast and cast-in-place concrete bridging 13 is erected on the linked columns 12 with the guyed armature 18 placed in the diagonal and orthogonal directions, or it may be assembled of the metal structures such as carcass 19, in the form of diagonal links.

When the concrete hardens to a predetermined level, the guyed armature 18 is stressed and fixed to the bridging 29 of the overbuilt part 3 of the building with guyed armature 18, embedded into the orthogonal and diagonal directions in each rigid cell 30 of the independent carrying framework 16. Then the erection of the protective elements is carried out in compliance with the design of the residential buildings.

Upon completion of the construction/erection of the added part 2 of the building, the residents of the old part 1 are relocated to new comfortable apartments in the added part of the building 2. The next step is reinforcement of the carrying elements of the old part 1 of the building, using the guyed armature 18 put on the surface of carrying walls 5 and the bridging 7.

After that, the lower floors are re-planned, for example, into administrative/public premises or built-in or added car parking lots. The guyed armature 18 is put along the surface of the panels of the carrying walls in the diagonal directions from various sides and in the orthogonal direction from the inside; it is also fixed along the bottom of the bridging 7 in the diagonal directions and in the orthogonal to carrying walls 5. The guyed armature 18 is put through the body of the columns 12, erected to the height of the old part 1 of the building, stretched by the jacks until the carrying capacity of the structures is restored, and fixed by anchors 31.

Further, the system of links for guyed armature is left open in seismic zones, or covered by solid-cast concrete to form a joint structure with building panels in non-seismic zones. Reconstruction is accomplished at the site avoiding disassembling the structures. Disassembly of the roofing of the old building part 1 is made upon completion of the construction/erection works. After the disassembly, a technical floor should be arranged. Over the added part of the building, open portions of the framework are left for possible future addition of building elements or platforms.

The technical result of the proposed structure is the simplification of the erection works, increase of the carrying capacity of the building upon observation of the safety regulations, and minimization of the degree of the accident risks during erection and building maintenance, providing comfort for the residents of the old part of the building due to unnecessary disassembly of the old part of building. Hence, the invention provides the opportunity to avoid relocation of the residents, to renovate the residential and auxiliary premises, to arrange parking lots and recreation zones, and to accomplish construction works in the conditions of dense urban development.

REFERENCES

-   1. Kutuzov V. N. Reconstruction of buildings. Moscow High school,     1981, pages 244-245. -   2. Patent # RU2112850, cl. E04G 23/00, BI #16, Oct. 6, 1998 

1. A residential building of a secondary development comprising an old part consisting of a multi-story building, including non-carrying external walls and a roofing; an added part including: an added foundation, support elements located along the external walls, additional areas, and staircase-elevators units; an overbuilt part, including several floors; and common reinforced-concrete bridging mounted under the roofing of the old part of the building, bridgings of each floor of the overbuilt part and bridgings of the additional areas; wherein the improvement characterized in that the added foundation performed as at least two rows of piles, disposed along the perimeter of the old at a predetermined distance from the external walls and at a distance of one span between the rows; the support elements, each support element performed as a pair of linked columns, mounted on separate piles said pair including an edged column remote to the external walls and a closest column proximate to the external wall: the edged column having a height equal the full building's height, the closest column, located along the perimeter of the old part having a height equal the height of the old part; the common bridging, the bridgings of each said floors, and the bridgings of the additional area performed with horizontal strap stiffeners and stiffeners of the inter-floor shift, fitted between and mounted on the linked columns, forming an independent carrying framework, without transferring a load to the old part, wherein the bridgings of the overbuilt part mounted to rest on the edged columns, and the common bridging and the bridgings of the additional area mounted on the linked columns providing spatial rigidity.
 2. The residential building according to claim 1, wherein the added is performed as root piles.
 3. The residential building according to claim 1, wherein the support elements of the independent framework mounted on the piles with the use of elastic restraint.
 4. The residential building according to claim 1, wherein the linked columns are mounted on the piles forming open carrying elements of the framework.
 5. The residential building according to claim 1, wherein the construction of said common bridging and said bridgings of the overbuilt floors and additional areas made with strap stiffeners of the diagonal and orthogonal guyed armature anchored to the columns.
 6. The residential building according to claim 1, wherein the common bridging, and the bridgings of the overbuilt floors and additional areas of the added part made solid-cast with strap stiffeners embedded in every cell of the independent framework tightened along the subtense of a bottom belt of the guyed armature, anchored to the columns.
 7. The residential building according to claim 1, wherein the common bridging, the bridgings of the overbuilt floors are made solid-cast with strap stiffeners made as an assembled metal carcass.
 8. The residential building according to claim 1, wherein the common bridging made of pre-cast with cast-in-place concrete with the pre-stressed guyed armature, embedded in the diagonal and orthogonal directions, anchored to the columns.
 9. The residential building according to claim 8, wherein the common bridging made with solid-cast collar beams, connected to the support elements of the guyed armature, and filled with cast-in-place concrete between the collar beams.
 10. The residential building according to claim 8, wherein the common bridging made with the solid-cast collar beams connected to the columns and pre-cast reinforced concrete beams along the diagonal and orthogonal directions by the pre-stressed guyed armature, the space between the beams is filled with light solid cast concrete or with light concrete blocks of the same size.
 11. The residential building according to claim 1, wherein the bridgings of the additional areas added to the floors of the old part are made of the pre-cast and cast-in-place concrete with the diagonal and orthogonal pre-stressed guyed armature.
 12. The residential building according to claim 1, wherein the carrying elements and the bridging of the old part are reinforced by guyed armature in the diagonal and orthogonal directions and anchored to the columns along the perimeter of the old part.
 13. The residential building according to claim 12, wherein the old reinforced by the guyed armature disposed along the surface of the carrying walls or the collar beams in the diagonal and orthogonal directions and anchored to the columns.
 14. The residential building according to claim 12, wherein the old part of the building is reinforced by the guyed armature disposed at the bottom surface of the bridging in the diagonal directions and orthogonal to the carrying walls and the collar beams, anchored to the columns.
 15. The residential building according to claim 1, wherein the carrying structures of the independent framework are made of reinforced concrete or metal with fire protection coating. 